Interventions to support parents and carers of young people with mental health difficulties: a systematic review protocol

Introduction Globally, 8%–14% of children and young people (CYP) have a diagnosable mental health condition, many of whom receive no formal interventions. Parents/carers of CYP experience stress and distress owing to the mental health difficulties encountered by their CYP due to the lack of resources and support. Currently, little is known about (1) the content of interventions developed to support parents/carers nor (2) how effective interventions are at improving parents’/carers’ well-being. The planned review aims to address these two gaps. Method and analysis A systematic review will be conducted to identify any study that describes an intervention aiming at least in part to support parents/carers with the impact of CYP (5–18 years) mental health difficulties, and to review any randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of these interventions. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Library CENTRAL, without any limitations applied. Analysis of the content of interventions will be structured using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist as a framework. The effect of any RCTs on parents’/carers’ outcomes (including well-being, satisfaction with parenting, mental health) will be extracted and assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Data will be synthesised narratively, with meta-analysis of RCT results, if appropriate. Ethical consideration and dissemination The protocol is approved by Coventry University Ethical Committee (reference number: P139611). Results will be shared in academic publications and in accessible formats using social media and public webinars. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022344453.


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Term S1 TI ((parent or parents or parental or mother or father or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal) ) OR AB ( ( parent or parents or parental or mother or ather or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal ) ) OR MM ("Parents+") S2 TI ( (children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR AB ( ( children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR MH ("Child+") OR MM ("Adolescent") S3 TI ( ( attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD") OR AB (attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD")OR MH ("Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity") OR ( TI ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) ) OR AB ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) OR MH("Feeding and Eating Disorders+") OR ( TI ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR AB ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR MH ("Personality Disorder+") ) OR ( TI ( (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR AB (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR TX ("Externalising disorder") ) OR ( TI ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) ) OR AB ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) OR (MH"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders+") ) OR ( TI ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR AB ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR MH ("Psychotic Disorders+) ) OR ( TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") ) S4 TI (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR AB (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR (MH "Psychotherapy") OR (MH "Self-Help Groups") OR (MH "Peer Group") S5 TX (stress or anxiety or depression or burnout or worry* or "parent* satisfaction*" or wellbeing or mental health) S6 TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") ) S6 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 AND S5 NOT S6

Database: PsycINFO
Search Term S1 TI ((parent or parents or parental or mother or father or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal) ) OR AB ( ( parent or parents or parental or mother or ather or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal ) ) OR MM ("Parents+") S2 TI ( (children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR AB ( ( children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR MH ("Child+") OR MM ("Adolescent") S3 TI ( ( attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD") OR AB (attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD")OR MH ("Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity") OR ( TI ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) ) OR AB ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) OR MH("Feeding and Eating Disorders+") OR ( TI ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR AB ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR MH ("Personality Disorder+") ) OR ( TI ( (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR AB (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR TX ("Externalising disorder") ) OR ( TI ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) ) OR AB ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) OR (MH"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders+") ) OR ( TI ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR AB ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR MH ("Psychotic Disorders+) ) OR ( TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") S4 TI (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR AB (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR (MH "Psychotherapy") OR (MH "Self-Help Groups") OR (MH "Peer Group") BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) TX (stress or anxiety or depression or burnout or worry* or "parent* satisfaction*" or wellbeing or mental health) S6 TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") ) S7 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 AND S5 NOT S6

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Term S1 TI ((parent or parents or parental or mother or father or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal) ) OR AB ( ( parent or parents or parental or mother or ather or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal ) ) OR MM ("Parents+") S2 TI ( (children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR AB ( ( children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR MH ("Child+") OR MM ("Adolescent") S3 TI ( ( attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD") OR AB (attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD")OR MH ("Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity") OR ( TI ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) ) OR AB ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) OR MH("Feeding and Eating Disorders+") OR ( TI ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR AB ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR MH ("Personality Disorder+") ) OR ( TI ( (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR AB (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR TX ("Externalising disorder") ) OR ( TI ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) ) OR AB ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) OR (MH"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders+") ) OR ( TI ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR AB ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR MH ("Psychotic Disorders+) ) OR ( TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") S4 TI (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR AB (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR (MH "Psychotherapy") OR (MH "Self-Help Groups") OR (MH "Peer Group") S5 TX (stress or anxiety or depression or burnout or worry* or "parent* satisfaction*" or wellbeing or mental health) S6 TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") ) S6 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 AND S5 NOT S6

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Term S1 TI ((parent or parents or parental or mother or father or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal) ) OR AB ( ( parent or parents or parental or mother or ather or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal ) ) OR MM ("Parents+") S2 TI ( (children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR AB ( ( children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR MH ("Child+") OR MM ("Adolescent") S3 TI ( ( attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD") OR AB (attention deficit disorder* or "attention deficit hyperactive disorder* "or "ADHD")OR MH ("Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity") OR ( TI ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) ) OR AB ( (Eating disorder* or eating problem*) OR MH("Feeding and Eating Disorders+") OR ( TI ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR AB ( (Emerging personality disorder* or emerging personality problem*) ) OR MH ("Personality Disorder+") ) OR ( TI ( (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR AB (Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem*) OR TX ("Externalising disorder") ) OR ( TI ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) ) OR AB ( (Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem*) OR (MH"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders+") ) OR ( TI ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR AB ( (Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem*) ) OR MH ("Psychotic Disorders+) ) OR ( TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing TI (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR AB (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR (MH "Psychotherapy") OR (MH "Self-Help Groups") OR (MH "Peer Group") S5 TX (stress or anxiety or depression or burnout or worry* or "parent* satisfaction*" or wellbeing or mental health) S6 TI ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) ) OR AB ( ( Anxiety or depression or depressive or "obsessive compulsive disorder" or "OCD" or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* ) OR (MH "Depressive Disorder") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Major") OR (MH "Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant") OR (MH "Dysthymic Disorder") OR (MM "Anxiety Disorders+") ) S7 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 AND S5 NOT S6 Database: The Cochrane Library (including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, the Health Technology Assessment Database, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database)

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Term S1 TI ((parent or parents or parental or mother or father or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal) ) OR AB ( ( parent or parents or parental or mother or ather or care*giver or guardian* or carer* or paternal or maternal ) ) OR MM ("Parents+") S2 TI ( (children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR AB ( ( children or adolescent* or adolescence or youth* or child or teenager* or pediatric* or paediatric* or kid* or teen* or young person or young people or boy* or girl* or juvenile* ) ) OR MH ("Child+") OR MM ("Adolescent")) S3 attention deficit disorder* or attention deficit hyperactive disorder* or ADHD or Eating disorder* or eating problem* or Emerging personality disorder or emerging personality problem* or Externalising disorder* or externalising problem* or externalizing disorder* or externalizing problem* or Oppositional defiant disorder* or oppositional defiant problem* or Psychos* or psychotic disorder* or psychotic problem* or Anxiety or depression or depressive or obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD or phobia or phobic or mood disorder or anxiety disorder or panic disorder or agoraphobia or internalising problem* or internalising problem* or internalizing problem* or internalizing disorder* S4 TI (intervention or treatment or therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR AB (intervention or treatment or BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) therapy or peer support or support group or trial or psychotherapy or group support or talking therapy or counselling or group therapy or group intervention or trauma informed) OR (MH "Psychotherapy") OR (MH "Self-Help Groups") OR (MH "Peer Group") S5 TX (stress or anxiety or depression or burnout or worry* or "parent* satisfaction*" or wellbeing or mental health) S6 anxiety OR depression OR depressive OR 'obsessive compulsive disorder' OR 'ocd' OR phobia OR phobic OR 'mood disorder' OR 'anxiety disorder':ab,ti OR 'panic disorder' OR agoraphobia OR 'internalising problem*' OR 'internalising disorder*' OR 'internalizing problem*' OR 'internalizing disorder*':ab,ti S7 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 AND S5 NOT S6